Researchers find that 36% fewer people were admitted to hospital in Wales and Scotland in the first lockdown due to asthma.
A study from researchers from the Population Data Science group based at Swansea University Medical School has found that the first lockdown was associated with a 36% pooled reduction in emergency admissions for asthma.
Potential for increased risk from COVID-19
Early in the pandemic, asthma was identified as a potential risk factor for hospital admission and death from COVID-19, and since the majority of asthma exacerbations are associated with respiratory viral illnesses, it was expected that asthma exacerbations might increase.
Stay at home messages from governments, and fear of the virus could have dissuaded patients experiencing asthma exacerbations from seeking help from health services.
On the other hand, restrictions on travel and social contact, resulted in reduced air pollution and transmission of other respiratory viruses, which could have led to a true reduction in asthma exacerbations during lockdown. In the UK the first nationwide lockdown began on 23 March 2020.
Research findings
Swansea University’s Professor of Respiratory Medicine, Gwyneth Davies and colleagues, used official data on emergency admissions and deaths due to asthma from SAIL Databank and Public Health Scotland. They compared weekly rates in the first 18 weeks of 2020 with the national averages over 2015-2019. They looked at how trends changed between the first 13 weeks of 2020 compared with the five weeks post-lockdown.
Across both countries, the number of asthma exacerbations resulting in emergency hospital admission fell by more than a third (36%) post-lockdown, and there was no significant change in asthma deaths.
Davies and colleagues said,
“We do not yet know to what degree the reduced numbers of emergency presentations of asthma in our study are due to improvements in asthma control or reductions in exposures to triggers during the pandemic versus avoidance of healthcare settings.”
Limitations
The researchers note that in Wales there was a large spike in GP prescriptions for asthma medication the week before lockdown – 121% more inhaled corticosteroids and 133% more oral corticosteroid prescriptions compared with the five-year average.
This is an observational study, and as such, can’t establish cause. The authors of the article also point out several limitations including that case definitions were not validated and that the small number of asthma deaths in both nations restricted the power to detect small changes in deaths during lockdown.
The study was undertaken in partnership with Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research (AUKCAR) and funded by BREATHE – Health Data Research Hub for Respiratory Health. A separate but related study published in Thorax, also from AUKCAR researchers in association with BREATHE, identified a 20% drop in asthma exacerbations seen at GP clinics in England during the first lockdown.
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